IOT Concept | IOT (Internet of things)

IOT is defined as a collective network of connected devices.

  • Ex: smart watch, smart freeze, smart fans, smart bulbs
  • Internet official birthday: 1st jan 1983
  • Internet started in India: 15 Aug 1995
  • IOT Introduced year: 1999
  • IOT Introduced by: Kevin Asthon
  • FIRST IOT Device: Toaster
  • Who Introduced first IOT Device : John Romkey (1990)

IOT Protocols (Main 5 Protocols)         

There are 19 protocols but most popular man 5 protocols are:

  1. MQTT =Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol
  2. HTTP = Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
  3. CoAP = Constrained Application Protocol
  4. DDS = Data Distribution Services
  5. AMQP =Advance Message Queuing Protocol

IOT Layers (4) = Protocol =19

  1. Physical Layer =  9 Protocols
  2. Data Link Layer =  2 Protocols
  3. Network Layer=  2 Protocols
  4. Transport Layer=  2 Protocols
  5. Application Layer=  4 Protocols

Physical layer and data link layer are treated as one layer. So it’s treated as one layer

MQTT

  • Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol
  • Communication: Machine to Machine
  • Developed By: IBM
  • Use: Collect data and send to network
  • The default unencrypted MQTT port is =1883
  • The encrypted MQTT port is 8883

MQTT also known as Public Subscribe Protocol

4 stages of MQTT

  1. Connection
  2. Authentication
  3.  Communication
  4.   Termination

IOT Layers= Based Protocol

  1.        Physical Layer =9 Protocols
    1. Bluetooth low energy (BLE)
    2. Ethernet
    3. Long term evolution (lte)
    4. Near field communication (NFC)
    5. Power Line Communication (PLC)
    6. Radio Frequency identification (rfid)
    7. Wi-fi/802.11
    8. Z-WAVE
    9. Zigbee
  1.        Data Link layer =2 protocols
    1. IEEE 802.15.4 =LR-WPAN (Low –rate wireless area network)
    2. LPWAN : LOW POWER WIDE AREA NETWORKS
  2.      Network Layer
    • IPV-4 AND IPV-6
    • 6 LoWPAN =IPv6 over low power wireless personal area network

        3.       Transport Layer (Heart of the OSI Model)

  1. TCP :  Connection oriented .Reliable
  2. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) : Connection Less : UN Reliable

       4.       Application Layer

  1. MQTT =Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol
  2. HTTP = Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
  3. CoAP = Constrained Application Protocol
  4. DDS = Data Distribution Services
  5. AMQP =Advance Message Queuing Protocol

    Major Components of IOT =5

  1. Things or device: Sensors and Actuators =Collect data and give to gateway
  2. Gateway : Preprocessing of data =security
  3. Cloud : Data Uploaded on server
  4. Analytics : Algorithm applied =Machine Learning
  5. User Interface : Monitor / Control the data

Arduino Microcontroller:

It’s an empty mind brain. In Which using Arduino IDE software we can do coding and programming and upload on memory

Arduino Platform:

Developing electronic brain using hardware and software to control electronic devices.

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